Yes and No, you can activate the GNSS (GPS, Galileo..) and ask for the GNSS info (from cold start it me take a while to get position data). And establish a connection with GSM/LTE simultaneously. (As in they can run at the same time). The AT-command to receive data can be called fast after one another, but not Simultaneously.
// GSM/LTE
AT+CGATT=1
AT+CGSOCKCONT=1,"IP","YOUR ANP"
AT+CSOCKSETPN=1
AT+NETOPEN
AT+IPADDR
AT+NETOPEN? //+NETOPEN: 1 is net open
// GNSS
AT+CGNSPWR=1
AT+CGNSINF