Yes and No, you can activate the GNSS (GPS, Galileo..) and ask for the GNSS info (from cold start it me take a while to get position data). And establish a connection with GSM/LTE simultaneously. (As in they can run at the same time). The AT-command to receive data can be called fast after one another, but not Simultaneously.

// GSM/LTE AT+CGATT=1 AT+CGSOCKCONT=1,"IP","YOUR ANP" AT+CSOCKSETPN=1 AT+NETOPEN AT+IPADDR AT+NETOPEN? //+NETOPEN: 1 is net open // GNSS AT+CGNSPWR=1 AT+CGNSINF